动力降尺度CMIP5的2006—2035新疆夏季降水变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

腊孟珂  周洋  朱汉辰  董轩 《气象科学》2019,39(3):413-420

评估了CMIP5 9个模式对新疆夏季降水的模拟效果,从中选取5个较好的模式结果,利用RegCM4动力降尺度再集合平均。通过对CMIP5 9个模式的评估,发现CanCM4、CMCC-CM、CNRM-CM5、HadCM3、MIROC4h对新疆夏季降水的模拟较好。进一步分析动力降尺度和集合平均结果,发现动力降尺度能更好地描述新疆复杂地形造成的降水,同时发现2006—2035年比1976—2005年新疆夏季的总体降水有所减少,存在明显的减少趋势。在空间分布上主要表现为天山山脉和其南侧降水显著减少,昆仑山山脉北缘降水显著增加,这与2006—2035年新疆东北侧500 hPa出现的位势高度正异常和与之相对应的反气旋式环流异常有关。这一环流异常造成了天山山脉上空水汽的显著辐散和昆仑山山脉北缘上空水汽的显著辐合。  相似文献   

1961-2014年黄河源区蒸发皿蒸发量变化的多尺度特征及突变分析     

石明星  蓝永超  沈永平  田辉  王欣  喇承芳  马虎迎 《冰川冻土》2018,40(4):666-675

基于黄河源区相关气象站1961-2014年蒸发皿蒸发数据,利用线性倾向分析、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall法等方法,对黄河源区各分区及整个源区蒸发皿蒸发量变化进行多尺度变化特征及突变分析。结果表明：近50余年来,空间上,黄河源区年平均蒸发量经历了从上游到下游先减小后增加的过程,季节蒸发量变化稍有差异;时间上,黄河源区季节及年平均蒸发量总体呈上升趋势,各分区略有差异,各分区及整个源区蒸发量年代际变化具有较好的一致性。各分区及整个黄河源区年平均及季节平均蒸发量突变点基本一致,均出现在2000年前后,且年与季节平均蒸发量在突变前均值大部分小于突变后的均值。位于源区下游的玛曲-兴海平均蒸发量发生突变的时间较早,且跳跃幅度较小,位于源区中游的达日-玛曲平均蒸发量发生突变的时间较晚,且跳跃幅度较大。对各气象因子的相关分析表明,影响源区年蒸发量变化的主要因子为平均温度。  相似文献   

Histological and morphological alterations induced by copper exposure in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae)     

L. A. Geracitano  C. Luquet  J. M. Monserrat  A. Bianchini   《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):263

Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) was collected in an unpolluted (UP) and an polluted (P) site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained under control conditions (UPC and PC, respectively) or exposed to waterborne copper (UPCu and PCu; 500 μg Cu/l), for 48 h. Four groups (aaUPC, aaPC, aaUPCu, and aaPCu) were also pre-exposed for 48 h to ascorbic acid (aa; 0.1 mM) before copper exposure. Histological and morphological alterations, as well as oxygen consumption changes were evaluated. Independently of the sampling site and the pre-exposure to the ascorbic acid, morphological abnormalities were evident in more than 80% of worms exposed to copper. Conspicuous histological changes (coeloma obliteration, cuticle separation from the epidermis, and absence of dorsal vessel) were also observed. In addition, PCu worms showed loss of the digestive epithelium and coiling behavior. Similar oxygen consumption values were observed in control and copper exposed worms.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae): environmental and seasonal effects     

Laura A. Geracitano  Jos M. Monserrat  Adalto Bianchini 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):625

Laeonereis acuta was seasonally collected in an industrially polluted site (P) and in an unpolluted site (UP) at the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein) was determined in five groups of worms from each site. Metallothionein (MT – μmol GSH/g ww) and lipid peroxides content (LPO – nmoles of cumene hydroperoxide/g ww) were also measured. Annual mean values for CAT (UP=3.7±0.3; P=5.7±0.6), GST (UP=0.034±0.003; P=0.045±0.004) and MT (UP=0.15±0.02; P=0.23±0.03) were higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site. In autumn, CAT activity was higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site (7.6 ± 1.3) than in those from the UP site (3.6 ± 0.4). In summer, MT concentration was higher in worms from the P site (0.37 ± 0.03) than in those from the UP site (0.19 ± 0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the LPO content was observed in worms from the different sites or collected in different seasons. These results indicate that worms from the polluted site showed higher antioxidant responses than those from the unpolluted site, sufficient to prevent oxidative damage in terms of LPO.  相似文献   

藏北高原蒸发皿蒸发量及其影响因素的变化特征   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

杜军  边多  鲍建华  拉巴  路红亚 《水科学进展》2008,19(6):786-791

采用气候倾向率方法,对藏北高原1971-2006年6个气象站年、季小型蒸发皿蒸发量及其影响气候因子的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:近36年藏北高原年蒸发皿蒸发量各站点均呈现显著的减少趋势,平均减少61.7mm/10a(通过99%显著性检验),以夏季减幅最明显。就地域分布而言,蒸发皿蒸发量的下降主要表现在藏北高原的中西部。蒸发量减少幅度随经度的增加减小,随海拔高度的升高而加大。影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主要气候因子日照时数、平均风速呈现显著下降趋势,平均相对湿度、降水量表现为显著增加,平均气温显著升高,平均最低气温的升温速率(0.54℃/10a)明显比平均最高气温的升温速率(0.17℃/10a)大,导致气温日较差的减小(-0.37℃/10a)。藏北高原平均气温日较差和日照时数的显著减小,以及平均相对湿度的明显增加可能是蒸发皿蒸发量显著下降的主要原因,降水量的增加和平均风速的明显减小在蒸发量减少趋势中的作用也不可忽视。  相似文献   

Circulation of shelf waters in the KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa     

MJ Roberts  C Nieuwenhuys  LA Guastella 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S7-S21

Ship-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (S-ADCP) technology, used in survey mode, has enabled near- synoptic views of the in situ 3-D current field in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Bight to be elucidated for the first time. Data acquired by the research vessels RS Africana and RS Algoa in June 2005, September 2007, March 2009 and July 2010 are presented. Each S-ADCP dataset showed similar circulation characteristics whereby the continental slope and outer shelf of the KZN Bight were strongly influenced by the south-westward flowing Agulhas Current. This was particularly evident in the extreme north between Cape St Lucia and Richards Bay where the shelf is narrowest and velocities exceeded 200 cm s?1. The widening of the bight to the south moves the Agulhas Current further from the coast, resulting in a diminishing velocity gradient on the outer shelf which terminates around the midshelf axis. The southern region of the bight was mostly influenced by the Durban cyclonic eddy (Durban Eddy), and in June 2005 and September 2007, by a cyclonic ‘swirl’ that occupied the entire southern half of the KZN Bight, the latter identified by a combination of S-ADCP-, satellite-derived SST- and ocean colour data. Satellite data showed low-chlorophyll offshore water to move into this swirl and northwards along the inner- and midshelf, reaching the Thukela River. Inner-shelf circulation north of the Thukela River was weak (<20 cm s?1) and highly variable. Satellite-tracked surface drogues deployed in the Durban Eddy found their way into the northward coastal current in the KZN Bight, with velocities exceeding 90 cm s?1 at times. The drogues also highlighted the strong influence of wind, especially in the northern bight between Durnford Point and Cape St Lucia, with residence times on the shelf exceeding 14 days, suggesting this region to be of biological importance particularly for recruitment.  相似文献   

The 410,000 year terrestrial age of eucrite Río Cuarto 001     

Jonathan LEVINE  Andrés ARAZI  Thomas FAESTERMANN  Jorge O. FERNáNDEZ NIELLO  Gunther KORSCHINEK  Ana María LA GAMMA  Agustín NEGRI  Georg RUGEL  Peter STEIER  Anton WALLNER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2008,43(4):805-813

Abstract— We have measured a surprisingly long terrestrial age of 410,000 ±_45,00^20,000 yr (410 ±₂₀⁴⁵ka) for basaltic eucrite Río Cuarto 001 using accelerator mass spectrometry of ²⁶Al, ³⁶Cl, and ⁴¹Ca. Though many meteorites are known to have survived for tens or hundreds of ka in Antarctica or hot deserts, the mean annual precipitation of 815 mm in Río Cuarto, Cordoba Province, Argentina, makes the long survival of this meteorite remarkable. We propose two explanations for the exceptional preservation of Río Cuarto 001. First, the meteorite contains only trace amounts of metal, so the weathering and oxidation of metallic Fe, which commonly destroys chondrites, is ineffective in this case. Second, the meteorite was found in a relatively young deflation basin, and may have been exhumed only recently from beneath a protective layer of soil. Insofar as the survival on Earth of Río Cuarto 001 is due to environmental factors, there may be other meteorites with comparably long terrestrial ages still to be discovered in the vicinity.  相似文献   

Chronological and palaeoenvironmental context of human occupations at the Buendía rockshelter (Central Spain) during the late Upper Pleistocene in inland Iberia          下载免费PDF全文

IGNACIO DE LA TORRE  ROSA MARÍA ALBERT  ETHEL ALLUÉ  ESTEBAN ÁLVAREZ‐FERNÁNDEZ  M.TERESA APARICIO  ADRIÁN ARROYO  ALFONSO BENITO‐CALVO  MARÍA JOSÉ GIL GARCÍA  ELÍAS LÓPEZ‐ROMERO  NORAH MOLONEY  M. BLANCA RUIZ ZAPATA  PALMIRA SALADIÉ 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):376-390

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Automicrite in a ‘nummulite bank’ from the Monte Saraceno (Southern Italy): evidence for synsedimentary cementation     

ADRIANO GUIDO  CESARE A. PAPAZZONI  ADELAIDE MASTANDREA  MICHELE MORSILLI  MAURO F. LA RUSSA  FABIO TOSTI  FRANCO RUSSO 《Sedimentology》2011,58(4):878-889

Following introduction of the term ‘nummulite bank’, there has been debate regarding interpretation of these types of deposits as autochthonous (automicrite) or allochthonous (detrital micrite). These banks are made up of large foraminifera and ill‐defined fine‐grained components. The fine‐grained components consist mainly of micrites. The recognition of automicrite has deep implications for the synsedimentary cementation and stabilization of the bank. In order to distinguish between automicrite and detrital micrite, the nanomorphology, geochemistry and organic matter remains in the microfacies of a nummulite bank in the Middle Eocene of Monte Saraceno (Gargano, Southern Italy) were analysed. Optical and scanning electron microscope investigations showed that the micrites have been recrystallized to aggrading microsparite. Epifluorescence observations on selected micrite/microsparite areas with peloidal texture revealed the presence of organic matter. Scanning electron microscope analyses on epifluorescent micrites showed that the microbial peloids have smaller crystal sizes than those in organic matter‐depleted areas. The geochemical characterization of extracted organic matter, performed through the functional group analyses by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, shows strong prevalence of the aromatic fraction over the aliphatic and carboxylic ones. These characteristics of organic compounds indicate both their thermal maturation and their likely derivation from degradation of bacterial communities. The local presence of peloidal anti‐gravity textures, bright epifluorescence and organic molecules in clotted peloidal areas suggest that the metabolic activity of microbial communities could have induced precipitation of these micrites and, consequently, the syndepositional cementation of the nummulite bank. This type of cementation can rapidly stabilize sediments and promote the depositional bank geometry.  相似文献   

SHORT COMMUNICATION THE USE OF TOPOLOGICAL MODELS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY     

M.DELAGUARDIA  J.L.CARRIóN  M.V.GALDú 《地理学报(英文版)》1988,(Z1)

In the present paper,the possible analytical applications of two topological models,the DARC modeland the group contribution model,are discussed.Both models are applied to obtain calibration laws,which relate UV and IR characteristics with the chemical structure of ethylene oxide condensates.The group contribution model is also applied to determine the contribution of each part of thedifferent compounds involved in a chemical interaction process,having established the sensitizationparameters of benzodiazepines and anionic surfactants from the micellar enhancement fluorescence.  相似文献